Research

Abstract: This research examines how climate extremes affect power system reliability and emissions trajectories. By linking climate stressors to asset derating, outage risk, and emergency dispatch, it shows that extreme events can increase fossil generation even in decarbonising systems. The study argues for integrated planning frameworks that embed climate resilience directly into mitigation models.

Abstract: This paper evaluates the emissions and system value of distributed and centralised battery storage across different grid conditions. Using nodal demand and emissions data, it shows that distributed storage often achieves higher emissions reductions per unit of capacity by targeting peak and congestion-driven fossil generation. The findings challenge capacity-centric storage policy and highlight the importance of location-specific deployment.

Abstract: This research investigates the emissions impacts of large-scale electrification under constrained generation and network conditions. It demonstrates that premature or poorly sequenced electrification can increase fossil generation and induce carbon lock-in unless coordinated with demand flexibility and clean supply expansion. The paper proposes a sequencing framework to ensure electrification aligns with long-term decarbonisation goals.

Abstract: This study reframes smart metering as climate infrastructure rather than a revenue or efficiency tool. By linking meter-level consumption data with grid emissions intensity, it quantifies emissions reductions arising from behavioural change, peak shifting, and operational optimisation. The results show that smart metering delivers meaningful climate benefits only when paired with enabling regulatory and market mechanisms, helping explain divergent outcomes observed across jurisdictions.

Abstract: This research develops a peak-centric framework for electricity decarbonisation, examining how demand response, time-varying tariffs, distributed storage, and short-term market mechanisms reduce emissions more effectively than capacity expansion alone. Using high-resolution load and marginal emissions data, the study demonstrates that peak-focused interventions deliver disproportionate emissions reductions while deferring capital-intensive infrastructure investments. The findings offer a complementary decarbonisation pathway for constrained power systems globally.

Abstract: Bihar's sugar industry and urban wet waste streams present a combined opportunity for low carbon gaseous fuel. We estimate the techno economics, life cycle abatement, and system value of sugar mill anchored co digestion hubs (press mud + urban organics) using only public datasets and a Validated Secondary Data (VSD) Approach that preserves analytical rigour in a low data context. At a representative scale of ~50 t CBG day⁻¹, the levelised cost (LCOCBG) is ~₹ 31.4 kg⁻¹ (range ₹ 28–₹ 35 kg⁻¹ under total project capex ±20%). Net mitigation is ~5.1 t CO₂e t⁻¹ CBG, giving ~84 kt CO₂e yr⁻¹ per hub. At current offtake prices, the financial marginal abatement cost is negative (~–USD 56 tCO₂e⁻¹), indicating cost saving abatement. The societal system value is dominated by fuel import savings and methane avoidance (~₹ 2.60 billion yr⁻¹ per hub), with grid flexibility as a complementary co benefit. The VSD Approach demonstrates replicable, policy grade analysis for data scarce regions and supports a 2026–2030 rollout of industrial–municipal co digestion hubs in Bihar and comparable states.